วันอังคารที่ 19 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2557

Folder and Printer Sharing

การแชร์โฟลเดอร์/เครื่องพิมพ์

            
The Atmosphere of My 2003 Computer Class at 4th Floor of Building1.
They were energetic and very nice schoolkids I have ever experienced.

บรรยากาศห้องเรียนคอมพิวเตอร์  2546 สมัยยังอยู่ชั้น 4  อาคาร 1 
พวกเขาเป็นเด็กนักเรียนที่ขยันขันแข็ง ตั้งใจเรียน และเป็นเด็กดีมากที่สุดรุ่นหนึ่งเท่าที่ครูเคยเจอ

All of us use Windows7 as the operating software, and our computers are connected together within the workgroup of the LAN (local area network). So we should gain the benefit of its sharing capability. Here we go!
ตอนนี้พวกเราล้วนแล้วแต่ใช้ Windows7 เป็นซอฟต์แวร์ระบบปฏิบัติการ (ในห้องเรียน และที่บ้านด้วย)  และเครื่องของพวกเราก็เชื่อมต่อกันเป็นเวิร์กกรุ๊ปในระบบแลน  ดังนั้นเราก็น่าจะใช้ความสามารถในการแชร์ทรัพยากรระหว่างกันได้  ลองดูกัน




1. FOLDER SHARING
        การแชร์โฟลเดอร์

Be sure we have to specify what folder that we want to share?  
ต้องระบุโฟลเดอร์ที่ต้องการแชร์



"BOOKS" is the folder of us to be shared.
ฟลเดอร์ "BOOKS" คือโฟลเดอร์ที่เราอยากแชร์

 Make a right clicking with the folder, the dialogue box appears. Select the "Sharing" tab and the "Advanced Sharing" button
คลิกขวาที่โฟลเดอร์  กรอบโต้ตอบจะปรากฏขึ้น  เราก็เลือกแท็บ 
"Sharing" และปุ่ม 
"Advanced Sharing"


Now the folder has never been shared yet (Not Shared)
ตอนนี้โฟลเดอร์นี้มีสถานภาพไม่ได้ถูกแชร์ไว้

 Properties window of the folder appears and we should select to share it with others. Now we can see the maximum number of users to simultaneously enter to the folder is 20. Then we can click on the "Permission" button.
จะปรากฏหน้าต่างพรอพเพอร์ตีส์ (คุณสมบัติ) ของโฟลเดอร์นี้ขึ้นมา  และเราก็ต้องเลือกว่าจะแชร์กัน  และจะเห็นว่า เพื่อนๆ จะเชื่อมต่อเข้ามาใช้โฟลเดอร์ของเราพร้อมกันได้เต็มที่ 20 เครื่อง แค่นั้น  ต่อมาก็เลือกคลิกปุ่ม "Permission"

Tick the check-box, and we can change the share name or ignore it.
ติ๊กเลือกว่าจะแชร์  จะเปลี่ยน/หรือไม่เปลี่ยนชื่อที่จะแชร์ก็ได้

After clicking on the permission button, the Permissions window shows up, you can add any user e.g. "student" and you can change the permission type of the user.
หลังจากคลิกปุ่ม permission  จะมีหน้าต่างโผล่มาให้เราปรับเปลี่ยนตามความต้องการ

We can add user/ specify his permission level.
เราสามารถเพิ่มยูสเซอร์ / ระบุระดับการอนุญาตใช้งานโฟลเดอร์ของเราแก่เขา

Finally click on the "Apply" button, the folder now has been shared. 
เมื่อเราคลิกปุ่ม "Apply" โฟลเดอร์ของเราก็ได้รับการแบ่งปันให้ใช้ร่วมกันได้ในเครือข่ายแล้ว

Well, our folder has been shared.
Folder ของเราได้รับการแชร์กันใช้เรียบร้อยแล้ว

Sample Special
ตัวอย่าง


This is from my computer (Its hostname is "ALPHA00".), when I click on the "Network" (at the left pane of Windows7 " computer explorer" ),  some computer hostnames appears.  Yes, I want to randomly select any hostname. If the target of mine is "KACHATUCH", well, I would make a double-click on it.
นี่เป็นคอมพิวเตอร์ของครูที่ห้องพักครู (โฮสต์เนมว่า ALPHA00)  เมื่อครูคลิกเลือก Network (อยู่ตรงแถบซ้ายของหน้าต่าง Computer explorer ของ Windows7 ก็จะปรากฏโฮสต์เนมต่างๆ ในเครือข่าย  แน่นอนว่า ครูก็คงต้องสุ่มเลือกเข้าไปใช้เครื่องใดสักเครื่อง  ที่ครูเล็งไว้ก็คือเครื่องที่มีโฮสต์เนมว่า Kachatuch

My Target Hostname is "KACHATUCH"
เครื่องที่ครูเล็งไว้คือ โฮสต์เนมที่ชื่อว่า Kachatuch

The shared folders of the hostname will be appeared. Then we can do a random selection and we can find any other subfolders that we can select to use.
ตอนนี้ก็จะเห็นโฟลเดอร์ที่โฮสต์เนม Kachatuch  เราก็คงต้องสุ่มเลือกโฟลเดอร์  แล้วเราก็จะเห็นโฟลเดอร์ย่อยๆ ที่เราสามารถจะเลือกเข้าไปใช้ได้ 

The Shared Folders of "Kachatuch" appears, any folder could be selected.
  If any shared folder had been selected its subfolders would be revealed. 

แชร์โฟลเดอร์ของโฮสต์เนม "Kachatuch" ก็จะปรากฏขึ้นมาให้เห็น เราสามารถเลือกโฟลเดอร์ไดก็ได้
ถ้าแชร์โฟลเดอร์ใดถูกเลือกเข้าใช้ โฟลเดอร์ย่อยๆ ก็จะได้รับการเปิดตัวออกมาให้เห็นฝเลือกใช้ได้



 2. PRINTER SHARING
        การแชร์พรินเตอร์


 Click the "Start button" of Windows7 desktop, the pop-up menu appears, then select "Devices and Printers", the target printer of us will be appeared.
จากปุ่ม Start ของ Windows7 เราก็เลือก "Devices and Printers"  ก็จะเจอพรินเตอร์ที่เราอยากจะแชร์กันใช้

Select the printer

 Make a right click on the printer icon, the select menu will show up, then select "Printers properties" option.  Then we can operate sharing easily.
คลิกขวาที่รูปพรินเตอร์ จะมีป็อปอัพเมนูโผล่ขึ้นมา ให้เราเลือก "Printers properties" ต่อจากนี้ เราก็คงจะปฏิบัติการแชร์พรินเตอร์ได้ไม่ยากแล้ว...

Select : Printer Properties

Click on the "Sharing tab", and we can rename the sharing printer.
เลือกแท็บ Sharing และสามารถเปลี่ยนชื่อพรินเตอร์ที่กำลังจะแชร์ได้ด้วย

Select the Sharing Tab
   
Select to share

Robots-3 หุ่นยนต์

ROBOTS  ONCE  MORE

Robots continue to grow in their importance amongst law enforcement, military use, medical research and care, space exploration and entertainment, among other tasks. Robots recently in the news include Russia's decades-old Lunokhod rovers - recently photographed from Lunar orbit, the naming of "Curiosity", NASA's next Mars rover, and a robotic dental patient, designed for realistic training. 
วงการหุ่นยนต์เติบโตเร็วตามความสำคัญ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นด้านการบังคับใช้กฎหมาย  ภารกิจทางด้านการทหาร  การวิจัยทางด้านการแพทย์  การสำรวจอวกาศ  ตลอดจนทางด้านวงการบันเทิง


A dentist demonstrates a training procedure, using the new humanoid robot named Hanako which was developed by local engineers at universities and a robot maker to aim at training experience to simulate real dental work for student dentists, at Showa University in Tokyo Thursday, March 25, 2010. Hanako is equipped with the set of teeth made of hard plastic and lifelike mouth cavity which can bleeds and flows saliva just as human reflects against stimuli. It also has voice recognition and speech capability so that trainees can just not only improve treatment skill but also learn to hold conversation with the patients to relax them. (AP Photo/Junji Kurokawa) #
 หุ่นยนต์เสมือนคน หุ่นตัวนี้ชื่อฮานาโกะ  ซึ่งคณะทันตแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยโชวะ ในกรุงโตเกียว ประเทศญี่ปุ่น  ใช้จำลองการฝึกรักษาคนไข้   หุ่นฮานาโกะนี้ มีฟันทำด้วยพลาสติกแข็ง ช่องปากก็เหมือนคน และสามารถหลั่งน้ำลายได้ด้วย เมื่อได้รับการกระตุ้น  หุ่นตัวนี้สื่อสารกับคนเป็นคำพูดได้ รับฟังภาษคนก็ได้



South Korea's android robot "EveR-3" (Eve Robot 3) wears a traditional costume while performing a Korean musical in Seoul on February 18, 2009. A South Korean-developed robot that played to acclaim in "Robot Princess and the Seven Dwarfs" is set for more leading theater roles this year, a scientist said on February 10. (KITECH/AFP/Getty Images) #   หุ่นยนต์เสมือนคนของเกาหลี ใช้ในวงการบันเทิง  เกาหลีใต้ได้พัฒนาหุ่นยนต์ "เจ้าหญิงหุ่นยนต์ กับคนแคระทั้งเจ็ด"  สำหรับการแสดงละคร



Suspect Warren Taylor, of Sullivan County Tenn., lies on the ground after surrendering to a robot after holding hostages at a post office in Wytheville, Virginia on Wednesday, Dec. 23, 2009. (AP Photo/Steve Helber) #  
ผู้ต้องสงสัย นอนลงกับพื้น ขณะยอมจำนวนต่อการขัดขวางของหุ่นยนต์ หลังจากก่อการยึดที่ทำการไปรษณีย์ ในเมืองแห่งหนึ่ง ของรัฐเวอร์จิเนีย สหรัฐอเมริกา




A humanoid robot, without its facial skin, is displayed at Japan's largest robot convention in Tokyo Wednesday Nov. 28, 2007. The life-size dental training robot, dubbed Simroid for "simulator humanoid," has realistic skin, eyes, and a mouth that can be fitted with replica teeth that trainees practice drilling on and cries in pain when the drilling goes wrong. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) #   หุ่นยนต์เสมือนคน ประเทศญี่ปุ่น




Boston Dynamics' quadruped robot named BigDog, designed to help soldiers carry heavy equipment in the field, climbs a snowy hillside. (Boston Dynamics) #  หุ่นยนต์ชื่อ "บิ๊กตูบ"  ออกแบบมาเพื่อช่วยทหารเคลื่อนย้ายอุปกรณ์หนักในสนามรบ  (เคยมาปฏิบัติหน้าที่ที่ประเทศไทยตอนที่ทารอเมริกันมาฝึกคอบบราโกลด์ที่เชียงใหม่ด้วย)



A robot named "Robovie-II", developed by Japanese robotics research institution ATR, moves around a grocery store during a shopping-assist experiment in Kyoto, western Japan January 6, 2010. The robot greets the shopper at the entrance of the store, follows him to the shelves while holding a grocery basket and reminds him of the items on a shopping list, which the shopper would have entered beforehand in a specialized mobile device. (REUTERS/Yuriko Nakao) #   โรโบวี-ทู หุ่นยนต์จ่ายตลาด ญี่ปุ่น 




Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate student Kenton Williams checks on the face of a robot named Nexi in an area of the Robotic Life Research Group on March 5th, 2010. (Globe Staff/David L Ryan) #  หุ่นยนต์ สถาบันเทคโนโลยีแมสซาชูเส็ตต์ (เอ็มไอที) 




The Shadow Robot company's dextrous hand robot, performs a task at the Streetwise Robots event held at the Science Museum's Dana Center on May 6, 2008 in London, England. The Dextrous Robotic Hand has a bank of 40 Air Muscles which make it capable of 24 movements. (Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) 
หุ่นยนต์กำลังทำหน้าที่ (น่าจะชงกาแฟนะ-ดูจากภาพ)  ประเทศอังกฤษ



These three combo photos show a "cybernetic human" HRP-4C, designed to look like an average Japanese woman, creating expressions like anger, left, and surprise, right, during a demonstration in Tsukuba, near Tokyo, Monday, March 16, 2009. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara) #  หุ่นยนต์เหมือนคน  มหาวิทยาลัยสึคูบะ ประเทศญี่ปุ่น  หน้าตาเหมือนสาวญี่ปุ่นทั่วๆไป  แสดงสีหน้าโกรธก็ได้  ทำท่าประหลาดใจ  หันซ้ายหันขวา




Captain Judith Gallagher of 11 EOD (Explosive Ordnance Division) Regiment displays an anti-IED robot known as the 'Dragon Runner' during a photocall on military technologies in London, on March 17, 2010. The robot weighs between 10-20 kg and is easily carried by a soldier in a backpack and is robust enough to operate in rough terrain. (Geoff Caddick/AFP/Getty Images) #   ร้อยเอกหญิง แกลลาเฮอร์  แห่งหน่วยเก็บกู้ระเบิด กองทหารของอังกฤษ กับยานหุ่นยนต์เก็บกู้ระเบิดชื่อ "ดรากอนรันเนอร์ - มังกรจอมโกย"  น้ำหนักเบาแค่ 10 -20 กก.  ทหารนำติดตัวไปได้ง่ายดาย 



An English-teaching robot stands in front of children at an elementary school in Daejeon, 140km south of Seoul on December 11, 2009. Robot teachers -- who never get angry or make sarcastic remarks -- have been a hit with pupils during a pilot project in some South Korean schools, a government report said. (Knowledge Economy Ministry/AFP/Getty Images) #
หุ่นยนต์สอนภาษาอังกฤษ  ยืนอยู่หน้าชั้นเรียนเด็กประถม  ประเทศเกาหลี  ครูหุ่นยนต์นี้ เด็กๆ ชื่นชอบกันมาก เพราะไม่โกรธ ไม่ดุ (เหมือนครูที่เป็นคน) 


Robots assemble Nissan Motor Co. Patrol sport utility vehicles at Nissan Shatai Kyushu Co.'s new plant in Kanda Town, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, on Wednesday, Feb. 24, 2010. (Kimimasa Mayama/Bloomberg) #
หุ่นยนต์ในโรงงานผลิตรถยนต์ ของบริษัทนิสสันมอเตอร์  จังหวัดฟูกุโอกะ ประเทศญี่ปุ่น


Japan's machinery maker Kawada Industries' new robot Nextage cuts a ribbon with other attendants at the opening ceremony for the International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo on November 25, 2009. (YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images) #
หุ่นยนต์ญี่ปุ่น  ตัดริบบิ้น ในพิธีเปิดงานแสดงหุ่นยนต์ในระดับอินเตอร์


Visitors look at the football-playing robots at the world's biggest high-tech fair, the CeBIT on March 2, 2010 in the northern German city of Hanover. Some 4,157 companies from 68 countries were displaying their latest gadgets at the fair taking place from March 2 to 6, 2010. (DANIEL MIHAILESCU/AFP/Getty Images) #
หุ่นยนต์แข่งเตะฟุตบอล  ในงานไฮเทคที่ใหญ่สุดของโลก จัดขึ้นที่เมืองแฮนโนเวอร์ ประเทศเยอรมนี ปี2010


A U.S. Army soldier walks past a de-mining robot named after the computer animated character "Wall-E" at Camp Leatherneck in Helmand province, southern Afghanistan, March 10, 2010. (REUTERS/Shamil Zhumatov) #
ยานหุ่นยนต์ทำลายทุ่นระเบิด กองทัพอเมริกัน  ในสนามรบอัฟกานิสถาน



An engineering student soothes a baby robot during a presentations at a laboratory in Tsukuba University, Ibaraki Prefecture on February 12, 2010. The robot, Yotaro, giggles and wiggles its feet when you shake its rattle, but will get cranky and cry from too much tickling. (KAZUHIRO NOGI/AFP/Getty Images) #
หุ่นยนต์เด็กทารก  ของประเทศญี่ปุ่น  มันสามารถหัวเราะเล่นแบบเด็กทารกได้


An employee of the engineering company Festo gives a barbell to the hand of a robot 15 April 2007 at the Hanover fairgrounds, where the Hannover Messe industrial technology fair will officially be opened in the evening. (DAVID HECKER/AFP/Getty Images) #
เจ้าหน้าที่กำลังใส่บาร์เบลให้กับมือหุ่นยนต์  งานหุ่นยนต์  เมืองแฮนโนเวอร์ ประเทศเยอรมนี


Russia's Lunokhod 2 Rover (bright spot, top left) and tracks it made (faint, across center) are seen on the surface of the Moon on March 12th, 2010, as seen by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The Lunokhod 2 landed on the surface of the Moon on January 15th, 1973, and operated for about 4 months, covering 37 km (23 mi). More. (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University) #
ลูโนค็อด-ทู  ยานสำรวจดวงจันทร์ของรัสเซีย (จุดสว่าง ณ ตำแหน่ง บน-ซ้าย)  และรอยล้อที่ปรากฎบนผิวดวงจันทร์ (ภาพถ่ายได้จาก ยานที่โคจรรอบดวงจันทร์ 12 มีนาคม 2010)  ยานโลโนค็อต-ทู ถูกส่งไปร่อนลงดวงจันทร์เมื่อเดือนมกราคม 1973 และปฏิบัติหน้าที่อยู่ 4 เดือน  ระยะทางที่เคลื่อนที่ 37 กิโลเมตร


A worker walks past a 'Motoman' dual arm robot by Japanese company Yaskawa Electric during final preparations at the "Hannover Messe" industrial trade fair in Hanover April 18, 2008. (REUTERS/Christian Charisius) #
หุ่นยนต์ญี่ปุ่น ในงานแสดงที่ประเทศเยอรมนี



A soldier looks at a bomb disposal robot at a local administration building in Yala province, about 1,084 km (674 miles) south of Bangkok, Thailand on February 18, 2010. A villager alerted the police of a suspicious package which was later found to harmless, police said. (REUTERS/Surapan Boonthanom) #
จังหวัดยะลา  ประเทศไทย  ใช้หุ่นยนต์กู้ระเบิดใน 3 จังหวัดภาคใต้  (หลังจากได้รับแจ้งจากชาวบ้านว่า พบวัตถุต้องสงสัย  แต่เมื่อเข้าเคลียร์แล้ว ก็ไม่ใช่วัตถุระเบิด) 



Actor Branch Worsham performs during a rehearsal of the musical "Robots" at the Barnabe Theatre in Servion, near Lausanne, April 22, 2009. The musical tells the story of a man in self-imposed exile who lives with three robots (a butler, a pet and a dancer) and who is facing a visit from a woman who represents his last link with the outside world. (REUTERS/Valentin Flauraud) #
หุ่นยนต์ในการแสดงดนตรี


The Heron, a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) for strategic and tactical missions is seen in this handout photo provided on February 16, 2010 by the Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). With a wingspan of 16.6 meters and a takeoff weight of 1,250 kg, the Heron UAV can reach an altitude of 30,000 feet and has the endurance of up to 50 hours. It is in use by coalition forces in Afghanistan which rely heavily on them for to provide crucial intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance information in real-time to commanders and directly to front line soldiers. (Israel Aerospace Industries via Getty Images) # ยานฮีรอน  ยานบินในระดับความสูงปานกลางที่มีความอึดสูง  เป็นยานไร้นักบิน ที่ใช้ในภารกิจพิสัยไกล  บินได้สูงระดับ 3 หมื่นฟิต บินอึดถึงสองวันสองคืนเต็มๆ  ปีกกว้างแค่ 16.6 เมตร  หนัก 1.2 ตัน  สร้างโดย การอุตสาหกรรมการบินแห่งชาติอิสราเอล





A humanoid robot developed to get students interested in robotics demonstrates with Nippon Institute of Technology associate professor Yuichi Nakazato (top R) during an unveiling event in Miyashiro, north of Tokyo December 19, 2009. (REUTERS/Toru Hanai) #
การสาธิตหุ่นยนต์ ในประเทศญี่ปุ่น


An Israeli police explosives expert guides a robot after a controlled detonation of an explosive device on the Palmachim beach, south of Tel Aviv February 3, 2010. (REUTERS/Amir Cohen) #
ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านวัตถุระเบิด ของตำรวจอิสราเอล กำลังควบคุมยานเก็บกู้วัตถุระเบิด


Mahru-Z (R), a robot developed by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology picks up a sandwich in Seoul on January 15, 2010. South Korean scientists have developed a walking robot maid which can clean a home, dump clothes in a washing machine and even heat food in a microwave. The institute took two years to develop Mahru-Z, which is 1.3 metres (4.3 feet) tall and weighs 55 kilograms (121 pounds). (STR/AFP/Getty Images) #
มาห์รุ-แซ็ด  สร้างโดยสถาบันวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีแห่งชาติเกาหลี  กำลังหยิบแซนด์วิช  พวกนักวิทยาศาสตร์เกาหลี กำลังพัฒนาหุ่นยนต์เพื่อการทำงานบ้าน อาทิ ทำความสะอาดบ้าน  หยิบผ้าใส่เครื่องซัก หรือแม้แต่อุ่นอาหารในเตาไมโครเวฟ 


A view of Concepcion crater, as seen by NASA's Mars rover Opportunity in February of 2010. Concepcion is a young crater, targeted for autonomous exploration by Opportunity. Using software named Autonomous Exploration for Gathering Increased Science (AEGIS) the rover analyzed images to identify the feature that best matched criteria given for selecting a target - in this case, rocks that were larger and darker in color. The rover then used the software to take more detailed observations of the selected target using its panoramic camera. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/color mosaic by James Canvin#
ยานหุ่นยนต์สำรวจพื้นผิวดาวอังคาร  จะมีซอฟต์แวร์ช่วยในการเลือกเป้าหมายให้เหมาะกับการเคลื่อนที่สำรวจด้วย



A "toddler robot" called "Child-Robot with a Biomimetic Body" or "CB2" looks around the room at a robotics lab in Osaka, Japan on Aug. 30, 2007. The robot is specially designed to mimic a real, human child between one and three years old to assist in child development studies. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder) #
หุ่นยนต์เด็กเล็ก เสมือนเด็กอายุ 1-3 ขวบ เพื่อช่วยเหลือเด็กให้มีพัฒนาการ



Imformatics PHD student Sebastian Bitzer performs push-up exercises with a programmed Kondo humanoid robot at the newly opened Imformatics Forum building of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland September 3, 2008. (REUTERS/David Moir) #
นิสิตปริญญาเอกด้านอินฟอร์มาติกส์ กับหุ่นยนต์ที่สามารถออกกำลังกายท่ายึดพื้นได้



Pingpong-playing robot "Topio" is displayed during the International Robot Exhibition 2009 in Tokyo November 25, 2009. The bipedal humanoidrobot is designed to play table tennis against a human being. (REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon) #
โตปิโอะ  หุ่นยนต์เล่นปิงปองของญี่ปุ่น  จะพัฒนาให้สามารถเล่นปิงปองกับมนุษย์ได้



In this photo provided by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Carnegie Mellon, the Army's new Crusher combat robotic vehicle makes its way through the desert Tuesday Feb. 19, 2008 at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. This 6.5-ton, six-wheeled truck with a .50-caliber machine gun affixed to the top has no driver, no cargo hold for soldiers. Instead, the Crusher is an unmanned ground combat vehicle that will never see combat. (AP Photo/ Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/Carnegie Mellon via The El Paso Times) #
ยานยนต์ลาดตระเวนล่องหนไร้คนพลขับ กองทัพอเมริกัน  มี 6 ล้อ หนัก 6 ตัน  ติดปืนกล .50 


Pierpaolo Petruzziello's amputated hand is linked with electrodes to a robotic hand, seen at top left, as part of an experiment called LifeHand at the Bio-Medical Campus University of Rome. The experiment is designed to allow a human to control the prosthetic with their thoughts. A group of European scientists announced in December of 2009 that they successfully connected a robotic hand to a man, Petruzziello, who had lost an arm in a car accident, allowing him to control the prosthetic with his thoughts and feel sensations in the artificial limb. The experiment lasted a month. But scientists say it marks the first time an amputee has been able to make complex movements using his mind to control a biomechanic hand connected to his nervous system. (AP Photo/Courtesy of Bio-Medical Campus University) #
ผู้พิการแขน ได้รับการเชื่อมต่อเข้ากับแขนกล  เพื่อให้เขาสามารถใช้งานได้  ผลงานแผนกชีวการแพทย์ หมาวิทยาลัยโรม ประเทศอิตาลี


The robotic arm for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory is bent at nearly a 90-degree angle. The robotic arm is undergoing testing in a laboratory at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. The Mars Science Laboratory is now named "Curiosity" and scheduled for launch in October 2011. The arm and tools will reach out and test martian rocks and soil. This arm is identical to the flight hardware that will actually be attached to Curiosity. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #
แขนกล สำหรับโครงการสำรวจดาวอังคาร ขององค์การนาซา  แขนกลนี้จะเหยียดออกเพื่อไปเจาะสำรวจหินและดินบนดาวสีแดง

10 Hottest New Cars for 2013

It looks like 2013 will be a decent year for the auto industry -- in fact, we're already getting a preview. Thanks to the long-standing industry practice of introducing new model year cars midway through the previous calendar year, plenty of "upcoming" cars have been roaming the streets since the summer of 2012. It can be tricky to make such predictions, since numerous unpredictable factors can interfere with the release date of a new car (some can be delayed, while others can be completely killed off) but, at this point, we think this list is pretty safe.

Top-10 lists like this are always a little tricky -- like car shopping, some decisions are all business while others tend to get a bit personal. Facelifts of popular existing models are usually a safe bet because they're a known quantity, even when the automaker's worked in some interesting new features. And as far as all-new cars go? It's another fair bet that, if a new car has enjoyed a good amount of hype, or fills a particular void in a brand's lineup, it'll be rewarded with a fair amount of initial interest.
But, as it goes for all cars, whether they can actually compete in the market remains to be seen.

2013 Subaru XV Crosstrek
Courtesy of Subaru of America

10: Subaru XV Crosstrek

News of a new AWD wagon-esque/crossover-type vehicle from Subaru isn't exactly earth-shattering. That's what Subaru does best (well, that and rally cars). Getting excited about a new Subaru, though, means getting excited for new potential, even if you hardly ever use it. And the rest of the time (which is to say, most of the time) is a reasonably comfortable and pretty reliable ride, a comfy but not cushy five-door hatch with a decent amount of cargo space.
So what's the big deal about the Subaru Crosstrek? It is, essentially, a lifted Impreza Sport (and in fact, in other countries, the Crosstrek is just called the Impreza XV). The slightly goofy-looking wheel gap is the main visual differentiator between the former and the latter, but it serves a noble purpose -- if you ever go off-roading, it provides crucial ground clearance. Plastic trim panels protect the paint's most vulnerable areas from rocks and gravel. The suspension reportedly feels firmer than the base Impreza. In other words, roam with confidence, Subaru says.
EPA fuel economy estimates rate the Crosstrek as the most efficient AWD crossover available, but reviewers say that efficiency comes at a price. Although the body is attractive and comfortable, and Subaru's capabilities in the areas of sportiness and utility aren't to be underestimated, the engine and transmission are the Crosstrek's weak link. The CVT automatic transmission matches to the engine in an unpleasantly noisy way and saps the drivetrain of precious horsepower (the engine comes in at a scant 148-horsepower) [source: Neil]. The manual transmission option might provide a more satisfying driving experience, but it causes the EPA's fuel ratings to drop from 25/33 to 23/30.
Other than that, the Crosstrek is vacation ready. Go ahead, make fun of the roof rack. Joke that the Crosstrek looks naked without a surfboard or canoe. It doesn't matter -- even a Crosstrek that's temporarily de-accessorized is probably a Crosstrek that's had some good times.

2013 Chevrolet Malibu LTZ

9: Chevrolet Malibu

Part of the problem with replacing a perennially popular car with a new model is that the outgoing version will remain popular for quite some time. However, it can be hard to see why, exactly, that might be a problem. After all, the automaker usually hopes that a lot of fans of the old model will trade up for the younger version.
Sometimes, though, that phenomenon translates into sales problems, especially in the case of traditionally high-volume models. It's not that buyers are rejecting the new car -- it's that the old car is still good enough, especially when dealerships are offering sizeable discounts to clear out the lots. That's what happened in the summer of 2012, after the release of the new 2013 Chevrolet Malibu Eco, and GM was worried that it affected the way people would perceive the car [source: Burgess].
No worries -- according to reviews, the Malibu is likely to stay strong, despite heavy competition (its main competitors in the midsize sedan segment have also been revitalized). But Chevy has retained the characteristics that made the Malibu a reliable seller, the moderate but accessible features such as a decent list of available options across three trim levels, reasonably efficient 4-cylinder engines, comfortable but not remarkable interiors and attractive but not polarizing exterior styling.
Among the most notable of the improvements is a range of new 4-cylinder engine options (the V-6 from the previous generation is gone). There's a 2.5-liter base engine that puts out 197-horsepower; buyers of upgraded trim levels can opt for a 2.0 turbo that clocks in at 259-horsepower. The Malibu Eco is another new choice, combining a 2.4-liter 4 with an electric motor that puts out a total of 182-horsepower. (Technically a hybrid, the Eco's configuration might cause some confusion since, unlike the more traditional hybrid setup, it cannot run on the battery-powered motor alone.) And a host of typical safety features rounds out the standard- and available-equipment lists. Nothing too groundbreaking, but if the older, rather stale Malibu was still in demand, it's probable a lot of buyers will appreciate Chevy's new touches.

2013 Hyundai Veloster Turbo
Courtesy of Hyundai

8: Hyundai Veloster Turbo

The Hyundai Veloster is not new, and if you've driven one, chances are, you've been underwhelmed. It's a svelte hatch that's been puttering its way through crowds that should have easily parted. For two years, it's lacked the "oomph" factor that such a car would need to succeed.
But it's not like Hyundai doesn't know how to do this. The Tiburon and Genesis are two examples of peppy crowd-pleasers. So clearly, the Veloster needed a turbo. That's the only logical conclusion. And now, here it is. The 2013 Veloster Turbo.
Making a decent car less dowdy requires an external makeover, as well as internal, so it's obvious from the start that this Veloster is different. Its presence is illuminated by front LEDs, aggressive side-skirts, 18-inch alloys and dual exhaust tips. Also, Hyundai gives buyers the option of matte gray paint, which is a nice, and different, touch. (Matte paint jobs are popular on motorcycles and with the aftermarket crowd, especially on imports, but they've never really caught on with car manufacturers.)
Although bolting a twin-scroll turbo to the 1.6-liter 4-cylinder takes the Veloster from a miserly 138 to a more respectable 201-horsepower. The Veloster Turbo also comes with a 6-speed manual (an upgrade over the 5-speed that comes standard on the non-turbo model), but another grand will get the buyer a 6-speed automatic. The extra gear takes advantage of the turbo power, but it also helps the car run more efficiently at highway speeds. Hyundai says that about 30-percent of the Veloster's customers are satisfied with the manual option, compared to the nationwide average of just 7-percent [source: Schultz]. That stat is for both turbo and non-turbo Velosters, but it's as good an indication as any that the Veloster's got a chance to find its niche.

2013 Audi Allroad
Courtesy of Audi of America

7: Audi Allroad

You might recall that there already was an Audi Allroad in the mid-2000s. From a distance, it was barely discernible from the Subaru Outback. Both featured muted paint jobs accented with plastic cladding. Slightly beefy tires and roof racks seemed to hint at potential more than actual purpose. But they were capable and comfortable. Then the Allroad went away, probably because someone at Audi realized it was just a toughened-up A6 Avant (which Audi never really tried to hide, anyway). People preferredSUVs and crossovers. And now that Audi is phasing out all their remaining wagons, as well as the A3 hatch ... the Allroad's back. (Not everyone wants an SUV or crossover, after all.)
It doesn't stand out as much as it used to, that's for sure. The plastic body trim is back, but it can be painted to match the car, for a more subtle look. And other body armor, like the steel skid-plates that protect the car's belly, are hard to spot. But they're there. And that's where most of the similarities stop. The new 2013 Allroad is based on the A4 platform rather than the A6, and even though the A6 is the larger of the two, the new Allroad is slightly bigger than its predecessor. Unfortunately, it's also a little less powerful. Its sacrificed the adjustable ride height that helped enable more adventuresome off-roading, but a slightly widened track and slightly higher ride help increase the Allroad's stability and ground clearance. And the Allroad also lost the V-6 and V-8 engine options; instead, it's got the turbo 2.0 inline-4 that's prevalent across the current VW/Audi lineup. It's loaded up with standard luxury features and creature comforts. And, because it's an Audi, it somehow manages to be even prettier after it's been spattered in mud. So, although it might not be as ballsy as the old Allroad, it still beats the pants off a regular station wagon.

2013 Toyota Prius c
Courtesy of Toyota

6: Toyota Prius c

The Toyota Prius is no longer a wedgy, angular, smug, small hatchback. It's a whole family of 'em.
So yeah, the Prius nameplate is now being treated as a brand rather than a model, and yeah, maybe that part is old news. But the 2013 Prius c is new. The range expansion is designed to increase the brand's appeal, it comes in at a lower price point and smaller size (about a foot and a half shorter) than the flagship original Prius, and it's designed to bring younger buyers into the fold. Its styling is less polarizing than its older sibling, but it offers many of the same features. From what Toyota calls "the most value-oriented hybrid in the U.S. market" buyers get Japanese reliability combined with European-oriented design, as well as more than a decade of hard-earned hybrid design and engineering expertise [source: Consumer Guide Automotive].
The Prius c's size allowed Toyota to design a pared-down drivetrain, though it retains Prius signature touches. The 1.8-liter 4-cylinder has been scaled down to a 1.5 (still good for 73-horsepower) and the smaller engine means it can be matched with a smaller battery pack. Like the original, it uses Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive to evaluate the driver's input and decide, on the fly, the best and most efficient combination of gasoline and battery power to use. Familiar aerodynamic styling, combined with ever-improving hybrid technology, enables the Prius c to achieve EPA ratings of 53 highway/46 city. Features like projector halogen headlamps, LED taillamps, high-tech console controls, advanced safety features and up-sized alloy wheel options, all spread across four different trim levels, mean the Prius c can boast its eco-cred without looking too nerdy or sparse.

2013 SRT Viper
Courtesy of Chrysler Group LLC

5: SRT Viper

The Viper is meant to go fast, and previous generations of Dodge's favorite racer made no apologies for the fact that -- despite the steep price tag -- there was no intention of truly competing with the luxury class. High-end European sedans might be extremely comfortable and also go fast, but the speed was an incidental benefit, a perk rather than a purpose. The Viper, by comparison, was rather coarse -- a notoriously uncomfortable entry prepped driver and passenger for a sparse interior and a rough, loud ride.
For 2013, the Viper has shed the Dodge name, and it's considered a product of the SRT team -- Chrysler's Street & Racing Technology division. (Other vehicles in the SRT family are allowed to keep their Jeep, Chrysler and Dodge nameplates, but the RWD two-seater Viper sits a bit away from the pack.) It's a bold move, for sure. It seems a bit contrary, then, that the Viper's rebirth comes a bit gussied up rather than stripped down.
The Viper features Sabelt racing buckets, which is pretty much the only businesslike part of the cabin. The rest is all luxury -- well, world-class sports car luxury, anyway. An 8.4-inch display screen dominates the dash, controlling the navigation system, Bluetooth interface and stereo (which features 12 or 18 speakers, depending on which audio package is selected). That's a lot of distractions on a racetrack, and that's a lot of speakers for a cabin that's only slightly bigger than the two seats it surrounds. And if that's still a little too raw and unrefined for you, well-heeled drivers can upgrade the interior with selections worthy of a high-end furniture showroom.
Just try to remember: The color or texture of the leather won't matter all that much when you're steering the SRT Viper through turns and using the 6-speed manual gearbox to control the massive 8.4-liter, V-10 engine that cranks out 640-horsepower. But the addition of cruise control and stability control might help ease the transitions between track days.

2013 BMW X1
Courtesy of BMW

4: BMW X1

The BMW X1 comes from Europe, like all BMWs do. And in Europe, people are accustomed to paying top dollar for small cars. The X1 already had a brief interlude in the United States in 2009, but it was a time when American buyers were obsessed with buying as big as possible at bargain prices. Though the crossover market was gaining traction, the X1 was simply so small that people looked right past it ... or maybe mistook it for a 3-Series. Things have changed, and now the X1 is back. It couldn't have been easy, though. BMW had to make sure the X1 didn't steal market share from its formerly-entry-level X3, and the price point had to be right, as well. The X1 is a bit smaller than the X3, by about 6 inches of length and 3 inches of width, which makes it small by crossover standards, not just BMW standards. It can still comfortably hold a family and their cargo, though, so don't fret.
The base X1 is a RWD vehicle with a 2.0-liter, 4-cylinder, turbo engine paired to an 8-speed automatic transmission, good for putting down 240-horsepower. For true crossover capability, buyers can upgrade to AWD. In fact, a 3.0-liter, turbo, 6-cylinder, AWD version is an option, but since it's only paired to a 6-speed automatic transmission, it might be a tough sell for some buyers.
The interior is comfortable and equipped with most modern conveniences a family will expect, such as USB ports and high-quality design and materials. The aesthetics can be upgraded with a couple of different trim options: "Sport" offers sport seats and gloss black exterior accents, while "xLine" adds utilitarian exterior trim pieces that provide a more rugged look. And to improve the X1's actual function, buyers can select BMW's M Sport package, which upgrades the suspension and tires. These options mean the 2013 X1 is better poised for success this time around.

2013 Scion FR-S
Courtesy of Toyota/Scion

3: Scion FR-S

Scion finally went ahead and did something we've been hoping for since Toyota's younger sibling first came around to play. It has finally brought us a sexy little RWD coupe. Not that there was anything wrong with Scion's previous coupe, the TC, or its other small, cheeky, boxy econocars. But this new one, the FR-S, really raises the bar for Toyota's youth-oriented brand.
The FR-S is a coupe that seats four adults (in theory) although the driver will definitely be having the most fun. A thrifty but peppy direct-injected, 2.0-liter, 4-cylinder engine delivers 200-horsepower and mates to a six-speed manual transmission that's equipped with a limited slip differential for extra control. Though the engine is front-mounted, it sits low in the bay to provide a low center of gravity, and the car is grounded by a sport suspension with 17-inch-wheels that fit over vented disc brakes. The interior is sporty and comfortable -- well designed for spirited driving.
So what landed the Scion FR-S on our list, rather than Subaru's new platform-shared coupe, the BRZ? After all, the coupes were a joint development venture between Subaru and Scion. As a result, the looks are similar, mechanicals are the same and the base price difference is negligible (although, of course, actual purchase prices vary widely). In cases like this, buying one over the other comes down to factors like brand loyalty or exterior color options. But the FR-S represents more of a departure from Scion's direction; it's the kind of car that has potential to move the brand forward. (Not that the BRZ is any less of an accomplishment, but Subaru's buyers have always known that the capabilities of their reliable family wagons could also be adapted into really fun sport coupes.) Maybe it just took a partnership with Subaru for this car to develop. Or maybe Scion's just been waiting for its early adopters to grow up. Either way, let's just be happy the FR-S is here for 2013.

2013 Dodge Dart
Courtesy of Chrysler Group LLC

2: Dodge Dart R/T

Even though the Dodge Dart nameplate of the '60s and '70s has been revived and the all-new 2013 model is finally ready, the one that's really worth waiting for is still on hold. That's not to say the plain Jane version of the Dart is a bad car. The exterior is a little bland for a sport compact, but Dodge has chosen to concentrate its resources elsewhere -- namely, driver experience, rather than pleasing onlookers.
Buyers of the 2013 base model Dart have two options. There's a 2.0-liter engine that provides 160-horsepower, and a 1.4-liter, 4-cylinder, turbo that also puts out 160-horsepower -- but quite a bit more torque. Dodge claims the Dart is "the most technologically advanced vehicle in its class," with an especially spacious interior and top-notch security features that outpace its competition in the compact car class [source: Dodge]. If that's what you're shopping for, by all means, go ahead.
But if you want a 2.4-liter, 4-banger that delivers 184-horsepower (dubbed TigerShark), you have to wait for the R/T version, due to arrive in early 2013. Your patience will be rewarded with telltale black exterior accents, 18-inch alloy wheels and a leather interior with a power adjustable driver's seat -- plus all the "technologically advanced" stuff found in the base model. (More patience, more money, more lust for power? Wait a bit longer for the possible SRT-4 edition, which is rumored to arrive even later in 2013 and could pack about 300-horsepower under the hood.)
Manufacturers have to be cautious when they revive a name like the Dart, but it suits this car: quick, efficient and easily underestimated. And its target audience is too young to remember the original, anyway.

2013 Cadillac XTS

1: Cadillac XTS

New Cadillacs tend to get people all excited. They're big and ostentatious, representing some of the best innovation and solid quality that Detroit has to offer. They have an ability to steel a driver's nerves while simultaneously pampering the car's occupants. Based on early reviews of the 2013 XTS, that trend will continue. The Cadillac XTS is a full-size sedan that has been designed to fill the void left by the outgoing Cadillac DTS, even though there isn't much carryover from the old to the new.
A disproportionate amount of review space has been dedicated to the CUE system, which is Cadillac's new system to consolidate all the driver's controls. Each time a manufacturer introduces a new high-tech user interface, it takes some time for the driving public to adapt, inevitably leading a segment of the population to wonder why things need to be so complicated. It's important for designers to push things forward, though, and people eventually get accustomed to the new distractions. This time around, however, even seasoned testers seem genuinely flummoxed by the complexity of the system [source: Neil]. Get used to it -- the CUE, or some variation thereof, will be trickling down throughout GM's ranks. The CUE is flanked by a graphics-oriented instrument panel, and a few controls that Cadillac decided were too important to bury in menu screens. Aside from CUE, the interior is inviting and comfortable, featuring stitched leather and ambient LED lighting.
There are four trim levels of the XTS, all of which feature a 304-horsepower, 3.6-liter, V-6 engine paired to a six-speed automatic transmission. Leather interior and a Bose stereo are also standard. A suspension composed of front magnetic dampers and rear air ride keep the travel comfortable, riding on 19-inch wheels. The base XTS is FWD, but buyers who step up to a higher trim level can order AWD as an option. Other options include tri-zone climate control and the Driver Awareness Package with additional safety features (warnings of all types -- lane departure, front collision, and the catch-all "safety alert").
The ride is, overall, pretty nice, as reporters have said. So like each Cadillac that came before it, the XTS is more of the same -- but better.

Lots More Information

Author's Note: 10 Hottest New Cars for 2013

If you pay attention to such things, you may have noticed that the Scion FR-S, which appears early on our list, is similar to the new Subaru BRZ coupe. Really similar. That's because they were co-developed by Toyota and Subaru.
I write about cars. I like cars, and tend to be especially fond of sporty imports. So I know this happens -- it's really common. Look at the VW/Audi/Porsche family. It happens constantly in the GM universe and in the Dodge/Chrysler end of Detroit, too. But for some reason, this particular partnership took me by surprise. And although I've seen several FR-S and BRZ examples in person, the connection never clicked. Never once did I think, "Hmmm ... that's an interesting coincidence. A Subaru RWD hatchback coupey thing! And a sexy little RWD Scion! Priced kinda similarly!" (To my credit, at least I never saw them together. Then I'd really feel like a bonehead.)
I always learn something new when I'm writing a HowStuffWorks article -- if I didn't, I'd be doing it wrong. Sometimes, this new knowledge takes the form of, "This might be useful ... someday." Often, I'm blessed with a mouthful of new trivia. But it's rare that I find out something I really should have already known.